The high temperatures that break records every year in many cities have led to the term climate shelters consolidate its position as a key element in urban adaptation to climate change in Spain. Several localities have launched new networks of spaces designed to accommodate residents during periods of extreme heat or cold, with the aim of reducing health risks and improving quality of life, especially in the most vulnerable neighborhoods and among the most vulnerable groups.
These climate shelters are distributed in different types of facilities and open spaces.. The alternatives range from civic centers, libraries, museums and cultural halls, to parks, gardens, wooded areas, and municipal swimming pools. Many of these places have shaded areas, benches for resting, free access to drinking water, and air conditioning in the interior spaces, which allows for a comfortable temperature adapted to the season.
Shelters in large cities: accessibility and services
In Madrid the network of shelters has been reinforced with public and private spaces open during the most critical hours of the dayAmong the most recent measures are initiatives such as the creation of specific spaces for the homeless, the expanded opening of day centers, and the introduction of reduced-price cinemas in the afternoons. You can also consult the Details of extreme heat alerts in other regions.
They stand out spaces such as the Círculo de Bellas Artes and the Canal Foundation, which offer rest areas, access to fresh water and connectivity, combining thermal comfort with cultural programming. Added to this are the municipal programs to refresh the city, such as the installation of awnings, spray fountains, and the provision of up to 25 outdoor and indoor pools that function as natural shelters from the summer heat.
Barcelona, for its part, has a network of shelters that ranges from libraries and civic centers to municipal markets and green areasSince August, the number of open shelters has increased, including libraries open throughout the summer. In addition, this year, a network of micro-shelters is being promoted in collaboration with neighborhood businesses to expand the reach of these safe spaces.
Natural solutions and local technology in Ourense
Ourense, known for its especially hot summers, will be a pioneer in a Pilot project to identify and create urban climate sheltersThe initiative, in collaboration with the University of Vigo and financed by the Xunta, allocates more than 100.000 euros to the development of a detailed map of heat islands and cool zonesBased on this, solutions such as new green areas, tree planting, and urban landscape improvements are designed to mitigate extreme temperatures.
The implementation of is planned portable devices for measuring temperature and humidity, mapping the actual thermal comfort of different neighborhoods. The goal is to identify locations where accessible shelters can be created, both for the population and to ensure urban biodiversity. The model will be tested in Ourense with the intention of extending it to similar municipalities, consolidating a resilient network of green spaces that facilitate adaptation to global warming.
Regional network and information campaigns
Cities such as Bilbao have also promoted the implementation of climate shelters, with more than 130 designated spaces between public infrastructure and green areasOwn campaigns have been developed, such as ShadowLagun, to inform citizens about the location and use of these resources. The average temperature in Bilbao has increased by more than one degree since the 1990s, and heat waves are becoming more frequent, making awareness of and access to these shelters essential. You can also consult the heat wave situation in Spain.
In Valladolid, the shelter network consists of community centers, parks, and active lifestyle centers, distributed to ensure residents have access to one nearby. The indoor spaces have areas adapted for the elderly, children, chronically ill, or low-income individuals, and include services such as air conditioning and water. The municipal website offers an interactive map with all the shelters, along with the public drinking fountains throughout the city.
Essential features and tips for dealing with the heat
Climate shelters, both indoors and outdoors, are designed to provide a safe, cool and comfortable environment against extreme weather conditions. Most are free, except for some pools, and offer Universal accessibility, seating, water, and extended hoursThe location of these places is usually found on digital maps provided by city councils, making them easy to find and use.
The authorities also recommend take everyday measures to cope with the heat, such as lowering blinds at home, ventilating at night, hydrating frequently, wearing light clothing, and protecting yourself from the sun. To better understand how heat impacts cities, you can consult the article on the impact of climate change on maritime temperaturesSeeking shelter in air-conditioned public spaces and taking special care of the most vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and children, is essential to reducing the risks associated with high temperatures.
An expanding and adaptive model
The deployment of these shelters continues to grow to address the impact of heat waves, both in urban and rural areas. The goal is to expand the network each year, incorporate new shelters, and review their accessibility and functionality. Collaboration between public authorities and private entities is key to strengthening citizen resilience in the face of climate change.