Temperatures soar during the summer and the risks of suffering from heat stroke increase significantly, especially during heat waves, which are becoming more frequent every year. Children, the elderly, workers exposed to the sun, and all those who engage in outdoor activities are among the most vulnerable groups, so it is essential to know how to prevent, identify and react in the face of this health problem.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Therefore, it is key to be informed about risk factors, symptoms to watch out for and the measures that must be taken to protect themselves and the most vulnerable.
What is heat stroke and why does it occur?
Heat stroke occurs when the body is unable to regulate its temperature due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or intense physical activity in hot and humid environments. This failure in the thermoregulation It rapidly leads to an uncontrolled rise in body temperature, which can exceed 40°C. If not treated immediately, it can lead to damage to vital organs, multiple organ failure, and even death. To better understand how this works, you can consult (https://www.meteorologiaenred.com/what-is-heat-stroke.html).
The usual cooling mechanisms, such as sweating and vasodilation, may not be sufficient in extreme conditions. This is especially dangerous in minors, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses, who have less capacity to dissipate heat.
Symptoms and warning signs of heat stroke
Recognizing symptoms early is essential to avoid complications. Among the most common signs are: elevated body temperature, generally above 40ºC, along with skin that may be hot, dry and reddenedIt is common to notice absence of sweat despite the heat, and they may occur mental disorders such as confusion, disorientation, difficulty speaking, seizures, or even loss of consciousness.
Other common symptoms include Severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, rapid breathing, and general weaknessIn the most severe cases, fainting or physical collapse may occur. It is important to pay attention to any change in behavior and do not underestimate the symptoms, especially in children and the elderly.
Heatstroke in children: specific risks and recommendations
The little ones are especially vulnerable because your body temperature rises faster than adults and their ability to regulate heat is limited. It is essential to take extreme precautions when traveling by car, since forgetting a minor inside, even for a few minutes, can be deadly: with 29°C outside, the temperature inside the vehicle can reach 49°C in less than an hour and even reach 70°C when the ambient temperature is higher.
Another dangerous practice is to cover baby strollers with muslin, because prevent air circulation and quickly raise the temperature inside. Furthermore, hydration should be frequent and adapted to the child's age: breastfed babies should breastfeed more often and, from six months onwards, can be offered water in small amounts. For older children, a daily intake of between 750 ml and 2 liters of water is recommended, depending on age and activity.
Prevention: How to avoid heat stroke
The best way to avoid heat stroke is limit sun exposure during the central hours of the day, always look for cool or shady areas, and make sure of a constant hydrationIt is advisable to bring light, light-colored, breathable clothing, as well as protecting your head with a cap or hat and wearing sunglasses. During heat waves, it's best not to play sports or engage in intense physical activity during the hottest times.
In the case of outdoor workers, unions and experts advise Frequent hydration breaks in shady places, continuous shifts with earlier hours and the use of protective equipment such as high-factor sunscreen and sunglasses. Prevention campaigns and monitoring compliance with these measures help reduce accidents and health problems associated with extreme heat.
How to respond to heat stroke: first aid
If a person is suspected of suffering from heat stroke, the steps to follow are:
- Place the affected person lying face up in a shaded, well-ventilated area.
- Loosen clothing and remove unnecessary items to facilitate the evaporation of sweat.
- Notify 112 if there are severe symptoms such as loss of consciousness, seizures, or significant disorientation.
- Apply cold compresses or ice wrapped in cloths on the head, armpits, neck, and groin. Do not use excessively cold water to avoid thermal shock.
- Offer small sips of cold water or isotonic drinks if the person is conscious and can swallow normally.
- In cases of unconsciousness, begin resuscitation maneuvers if necessary until emergency services arrive.
After the episode, a period of medical observation is recommended to rule out underlying complications, such as neurological or kidney damage.
Heat stroke in the workplace and awareness campaigns
In outdoor work environments, such as construction, gardening or urban services, Heat stroke cases and associated problems are on the riseUnions insist on the importance of strictly monitoring compliance with preventive measures, given that heat waves can coincide with long hours in the sun, which increases the risk. Adapting schedules, implementing continuous work days, providing hydration breaks, and providing personal protective equipment are some of the most effective strategies.
Institutional and union campaigns warn that Heat stroke can have long-lasting consequences, even if the affected person initially recovers. Therefore, both companies and employees must be informed and prepared to act quickly, without waiting for the first serious symptoms.
The importance of education and community policing
La information and awareness of the population It is the foundation for reducing the risks of heat stroke. It is essential to educate vulnerable people, their families, and caregivers about the symptoms and best practices for prevention, such as monitoring fluid intake and avoiding unnecessary exposure. Health alerts and public campaigns play a key role in reducing accidents, especially during the most severe heat waves.
It is important for communities to remain vigilant and respond quickly to any signs of an emergency. Preparedness and collective action are critical to minimizing the impacts of extreme heat and protecting the health of all citizens.
