The Moon remains a major focus of attention for both astronomy enthusiasts and the international scientific community. Its cycle, which takes approximately 29,5 days , encompasses phases such as the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter, each with particular characteristics visible from different points on Earth. Historically, these phases have marked the calendars of many cultures, defining religious, festive, agricultural, and even beauty-related activities.
This summer of 2025 brings with it a lunar agenda packed with events and phenomena for skywatchers in Spain and other parts of the world. Furthermore, European and global scientific research is preparing for new challenges on the lunar surface and its surrounding environment, while also analyzing potential risks from near space.
The phases of the Moon in June and July 2025: the lunar calendar
During June and July 2025, the lunar cycle offers several remarkable phases that enthusiasts can observe with the naked eye, telescopes, or even through digital platforms. The National Geographic Institute indicates that after the transition from new moon to first quarter on June 3 (under the sign of Virgo), the full moon arrives on June 11 (Sagittarius), followed by the last quarter on the 18th (Pisces) and the new moon on the 25th (Cancer). This month's full moon, popularly known as the Strawberry Moon , will be the last of spring, just before the start of summer, on June 21 at 4:42 a.m.
In July, the lunar calendar continues with the first quarter phase on July 2nd in Libra, the " Deer Moon " on July 10th in Capricorn, the last quarter on the 18th (Aries), and the new moon on the 24th (Leo). Throughout these days, the moon will appear close to celestial bodies like Venus and Jupiter at dawn, and will be a prominent feature alongside meteor showers such as the Perseids and the Delta Aquarids. Observing the July full moon will be particularly striking, as it coincides with the best time to enjoy clear skies and pleasant temperatures.
The lunar calendar is also useful for those who plan activities according to the phases. For example, many people believe that cutting their hair during the first quarter helps it grow stronger, while cutting it during the last quarter slows it down. Although there is no solid scientific evidence, these beliefs are still widely held.
Moonwatching and tips for enjoying the sky
Looking at the Moon is a spectacle accessible to everyone. Simply looking up is enough to see it shine, but it can also be admired in detail with binoculars or telescopes, especially during the transition between lunar day and night, where craters and mountains are visible. Some NASA platforms offer images and virtual tours if clouds obstruct direct viewing in your area. To expand your knowledge, you might be interested in consulting astronomy books.
New moon nights are ideal for stargazing and observing planets. With the moon hidden, the sky appears darker, allowing you to discover details of the heavens that go unnoticed on other nights. If you're passionate about astronomy, take advantage of the absence of moonlight to enjoy constellations and meteor showers, such as the Perseids and Delta Aquarids. You can also consult online resources for weather maps to better plan your stargazing nights.
On a daily basis, the moon also offers recommendations for well-being and personal care. During a new phase, for example, it's a good time to start new healthy habits, take care of your hair and skin, or even make small changes around the home to renew your energy.
Lunar research and exploration: Europe steps on the gas
Europe is intensifying its efforts in lunar exploration through innovative projects that aim to position the continent at the forefront of space research. Among the highlights are the new autonomous rovers developed in Europe, including Mona Luna , spearheaded by Venturi Space with French and European support. This robust rover, capable of surviving the harsh lunar nights, is designed to traverse the regolith and withstand extreme temperatures, using a protected battery and motor system. Its objective is to explore the lunar south pole region around 2030, and although smaller than other models like FLEX, it could also be used in emergencies to transport astronauts. To learn more about these projects, you might be interested in reading about the Blue Moon.
Alongside Mona Luna , MAGPIE stands out , a model whose mission will be to analyze ice deposits and other volatiles at the south pole. Developed by the European subsidiary of the Japanese firm iSpace, with the participation of institutions from several European countries, MAGPIE will carry sophisticated instruments to study the subsurface and permanently shadowed areas of the Moon. These developments reflect the strategic interest in the future use of lunar resources and the strong support of the ESA (European Space Agency). To better understand the resources and possibilities on the Moon, visit What is lunar perigee?
Simulations and terrestrial studies of life on the Moon
As space exploration plans progress, simulations are multiplying on Earth to anticipate the effects and challenges of lunar habitability. One of the most significant projects is the Lunares station in Poland, a base that replicates the conditions of isolation and life on the Moon. Recently, biotechnologist Alba Sánchez Montalvo will participate in a two-week mission within this environment, along with other European researchers. The station has modules for studying health, routines, and creativity under extreme confinement, even simulating artificial light cycles and space food. To learn more about the Moon, you can consult our article on lunar curiosities.
The research not only aims to prepare future astronauts, but also to provide solutions to everyday problems on Earth, such as the impact of isolation on the immune system, the development of new health routines, and resource management in extreme situations.
Is there a real risk of major impacts on the Moon?
The Moon is regularly exposed to meteorite impacts, but a recent study has focused on asteroid 2024 YR4 . Detected in December 2024, this rocky body, about 60 meters in diameter, has a low probability, around 4%, of colliding with the Moon in 2032. If an impact were to occur, it could create a huge crater and launch around 100 million tons of debris into space, potentially affecting Earth satellites and communication systems in low Earth orbit for several days. To better understand the risks and monitoring, see what a lunar eclipse is.
The researchers explain that most of these fragments would not reach Earth's surface, but they could pose a temporary threat to the satellite fleet and future lunar operations. The probability of this scenario remains low, although it will help refine the monitoring of near-Earth objects and establish more precise prevention models.
This array of activities and knowledge surrounding the Moon continues to confirm its fundamental role as a natural laboratory and testing ground for science, engineering, and human imagination. From the lunar calendars that govern our routines to the design of sophisticated robots and simulation stations, the Moon maintains its capacity to inspire and challenge our limits.
