When we think of NASA, we usually think of spacecraft, astronauts, the Hubble satellite sending back spectacular images of the universe, planets and stars waiting to be explored, and people and objects beyond Earth. However, it also studies various areas of this globe we call home.
In late January, scientists from NASA, the USGS Hawaiian Volcan Observatory (HVO), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and several universities launched a six-week campaign to study the links between volcanic gases and thermal emissions, as well as lava flow, thermal anomalies and other active volcanic processes to learn how to reduce the dangers of volcanoes when they erupt.
One of the volcanoes they will study is Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. Scientists will fly at an altitude of 19,800 meters in an ER-2 aircraft, which will house a series of instruments designed to measure reflected sunlight and emitted thermal radiation in hundreds of different channels.
All These data will help researchers to learn more about the composition of the earth's surface, types of gases and temperature., which will in turn help us understand the environment in which we live. You can read more about the Kilauea and its recent activity and their relationship with others active volcanoes in the world.
Why is it important to study volcanoes?
When a volcano erupts, it expels lava, volcanic ash and gases that come from the interior of planet earth. These substances are very dangerous for humans, as they can cause respiratory problems or even death.
For this reason, studying volcanoes is of utmost importance, as it will allow for more effective measures to be taken to protect people living near them. Scientists explore various factors, such as past eruptions and current behavior, as well as the interactions between magma, water, and gases. If you're interested in learning more about the composition of these phenomena, you can read about what is volcanoes. magma from volcanoes and the impact it can have on volcanic activity.
Volcanoes in the Hawaiian archipelago
The Hawaiian Islands are home to some of the world's most active volcanoes. As the Pacific tectonic plate moves over a hot spot at the bottom of the Earth's crust, islands are formed. This process has resulted in a series of volcanic eruptions over millions of years, creating the landscape we see today. This activity continues today, and researchers are constantly monitoring and studying these phenomena.
According to Hawaiian legend, the islands were created by Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. Her history is just as important as the science behind the eruptions, as Hawaiians view volcanoes as part of their culture and spirituality. Pele is revered for her power, and her influence permeates the daily lives of the islanders.
The volcanoes on Hawaii's Big Island include Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai, each with its own unique history and characteristics. Kilauea is notable for being one of the most active volcanoes on the planet and has had significant recent eruptions. Mauna Loa, the world's largest volcano in terms of volume and surface area, is also the subject of constant study. Hualalai, which last erupted in 1801, is considered potentially active and may erupt again in the future. You can learn more about other volcanoes on the Big Island. active volcanoes around the world and its study.
Volcano research and monitoring
Volcano research in Hawaii is not only essential for public safety, but also helps us better understand Earth's geology. Monitoring methods include the use of advanced technologies such as seismology, remote sensing and gas analysis.
Fieldwork is essential; scientists gather information on lava composition, seismic activity, and other phenomena. By analyzing the gases emitted, researchers can predict future eruptions, which is vital for protecting nearby communities. In this context, it is also interesting to explore the curiosities of the volcanoes and how these phenomena shape our planet.
The Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes (CSAV) located at the University of Hawaii provides training and education on volcanic hazards, training scientists and technicians from around the world in volcano monitoring, as well as techniques on physical volcanology, seismology and geophysics, something relevant in the context of volcanoes in Spain.
Recent studies on Hawaiian volcanoes
Recent research has revealed fascinating details about Hawaii's volcanoes. A study led by an international team used machine learning algorithms to analyze seismic data, allowing them to observe magmatic activity on an unprecedented scale. This helps geologists better understand how magma flows beneath the surface and how volcanoes behave during eruptions.
Another study focused on the composition of volcanic magma, analyzing lava samples to determine the presence of specific chemical elements, such as iron. The results suggest that the Hawaiian Islands may have formed from multiple lava channels, challenging previous theories that postulated a single magma channel.
This implies that as the Pacific Plate moves, new islands and volcanoes form from the hotspot's activity. The newly formed island, Loihi, demonstrates how this process continues, and volcanologists are excited to study how these structures will evolve in the future.
Kilauea's eruption patterns have proven particularly intriguing in recent years, with explosions resembling the launch of a toy rocket, where the increased pressure in the magma drives the expulsion of gases and lava. This has led to new ways of monitoring volcanic activity and better understanding the interactions between lava and the atmosphere. For those interested in specific eruptions, the Mauna Loa volcano eruption It is a relevant example and adds to the importance of the study of inactive volcanoes.
Prevention and preparation for volcanic eruptions
Preparedness for potential eruptions is key for Hawaii residents. Volcanoes can release dangerous lava, ash, and gases. Nearby communities have developed evacuation plans and procedures to minimize the risks associated with eruptions. Community education is critical, and several organizations, including the U.S. Geological Survey and the Center for Active Volcano Studies, are working together to provide resources and training to local people.
Volcanologists continue to research and analyze the behavior of volcanoes to identify signs of imminent activity. This includes the use of advanced sensor technology that can detect changes in seismic activity and volcanic gases. It is crucial that residents follow expert recommendations and stay informed about the status of nearby volcanoes.
Understanding Hawaii's active volcanoes not only contributes to public safety but also offers a unique window into the geological processes that have shaped our planet. By continuing to research and monitor volcanic activity, scientists can help mitigate risks and better understand this fascinating aspect of Earth.
- Hawaii is home to some of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in the world.
- The study of volcanoes is vital for the safety of nearby communities.
- Recent research has challenged traditional theories about the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
- Education and preparation are key to minimizing risks in volcanic eruptions.
