Earthquakes are unpredictable natural phenomena that can cause significant damage to infrastructure and put people's lives at risk. Given this reality, it is essential to be informed and prepared to know how to act before, during and after an earthquake. An adequate response can make the difference between staying safe or exposing yourself to unnecessary danger.
In this comprehensive guide, you'll learn all the essential steps to safely deal with an earthquake. From pre-preparation to critical actions during the shaking and steps to take after the shaking is over, we'll cover all the key aspects of earthquake prevention and response.
Preparing for an earthquake
Be prepared in advance is the best way to minimize risks in the event of an earthquake. Here are several steps you can take to protect yourself and your family:
- Structural review of the home: Make sure your home has a solid foundation and strong materials to withstand an earthquake.
- Location of safe areas: Identify the safest places inside and outside your home, away from windows, mirrors and hanging objects.
- Securing furniture and heavy objects: Anchor shelves, cabinets and appliances to prevent them from falling during an earthquake.
- Knowledge of basic supplies: Learn how to turn off gas, electricity and water in an emergency.
- Preparation of an emergency kit: Have a backpack ready with a flashlight, water, non-perishable food, first aid kit, important documents, battery-powered radio and other essential items.
- Developing an evacuation plan: Coordinate meeting points with your family and a clear strategy in case you have to leave home quickly.
What to do during an earthquake
When an earthquake begins, Keeping calm and acting quickly is key. Depending on where you are, follow these recommendations:
If you are inside a building
- Protect yourself from falling objects: Stay away from glass, mirrors, shelves and lamps.
- Find a safe haven: Get under a sturdy table or desk and hold onto its legs for stability.
- Stay away from exits: Do not run to doors or try to evacuate while the shaking is ongoing, as you may be exposed to debris or collapses.
- Don't use elevators: Always opt for the stairs if you need to evacuate after movement.
if you are on the street
- Stay away from fragile buildings and structures: Find an open space away from poles, electrical cables, walls and facades.
- Avoid taking shelter in building entrances: Elements of the structure may become detached, which can be dangerous.
If you are in a vehicle
- Stop the car in a safe place: Avoid parking under bridges, overpasses or near light poles.
- Stay inside the vehicle: Keep your seat belt on until the earthquake is over.
What to do after an earthquake
Once the earthquake has stopped, it is crucial take precautions to avoid additional dangers such as aftershocks, gas leaks or weakened structures.
- Check your status and that of others: If someone is injured, provide first aid and avoid moving people with serious injuries.
- Inspect your environment: Check for damage to walls, ceilings and floors before staying inside a building.
- Avoid using fire or electricity: There may be gas leaks, so use flashlights instead of candles.
- Listen to official information: Tune your radio for instructions from authorities and follow evacuation guidelines if necessary.
- Stay away from coastal areas: If you live in an area near the sea, be alert to the possibility of a tsunami.
Earthquakes can be challenging events, but with proper preparation and a quick and effective response, it is possible to minimize risks and stay safe. The key is to know preventive measures, act calmly and follow the recommendations of experts to protect your life and the lives of those around you.