The world is full of fascinating islands, some of which boast impressive extensions that even exceed that of many countries. Throughout history, these gigantic land masses have been home to ancient civilizations, refuges for unique species and the scene of extraordinary natural phenomena. In this article, we will explore the largest islands in the world, describing its main characteristics, biodiversity and geopolitical relevance.
Far from being simple fragments of land surrounded by water, these islands have stories, ecosystems and cultures that make them unique. From the immense ice sheet of Greenland to the rainforest of Borneo, each of them offers a imposing landscape and a crucial role in global ecology.
1. Greenland – 2.130.800 km²
Greenland is, without a doubt, the largest island on the planet. It is located in the North Atlantic and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Its territory is largely covered by a huge ice cap, the second largest in the world after Antarctica. This vast frozen expanse has meant that its flora is limited to the tundra and its fauna is dominated by species adapted to extreme cold, such as Polar bears, arctic foxes and seals.
One of the most striking aspects of Greenland is its low population density. Despite its size, it is home to only about 56.000 inhabitants, most of whom are members of the Inuit ethnic group. In addition to its climatic significance and its role in the study of climate change, Greenland stands out for its impressive Aurora borealis and its majestic icebergs.
2. New Guinea – 785.783 km²
Located north of Australia, New Guinea is the second largest island in the worldPolitically it is divided into two parts: the western part belongs to Indonesia and the eastern one corresponds to the independent country of Papua New GuineaThis island is famous for its amazing biodiversity, home to some of the world's most exotic species.
The diversity of birds of paradise This is particularly notable in New Guinea. With over 700 bird species in total, it is considered one of the richest ornithological places on the planet. In addition, its dense rainforest hides indigenous tribes whose lifestyles have changed very little over the centuries.
3. Borneo – 748.168 km²
Borneo has the peculiarity of being the only island in the world divided between three countries: Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia, the latter being the one that owns most of its territory. Its strategic location in Southeast Asia makes it a key point for the global biodiversity, since its tropical forest is home to unique species such as the orangutans and Rafflesia arnoldii flower, the largest on the planet.
Borneo is also an attractive destination for exploration, with landscapes that include mountains, lush jungles and paradisiacal coasts. However, the deforestation has made this island a place of great relevance for environmental debate and conservation efforts.
4. Madagascar – 587.041 km²
Located about 400 km off the coast of Africa, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the worldIts geographical isolation has allowed the development of a unique ecosystem that includes emblematic species such as lemurs and baobabsIt is estimated that around 90% of its flora and fauna are not found anywhere else in the world.
As well as being a paradise for nature lovers, Madagascar is home to over 22 million people, whose culture is a fascinating fusion of African and Asian influences. coral reefs and its marine biodiversity make it a key point of interest for the diving and ecological research.
5. Baffin Island – 507.451 km²
Belonging to Canada, Baffin Island is the largest in the country and one of the most impressive in the Arctic. Its frozen landscapes offer unique natural spectacles, such as majestic fjords and vast expanses of ice. It is the refuge of polar bears and other animals adapted to harsh climatic conditions.
Due to its extreme climate, Baffin's population is very small, with most of its inhabitants belonging to Inuit communities. However, it is a fascinating destination for those seeking extreme experiences such as kayaking among icebergs or dog sled expeditions.
These five islands represent some of the most amazing and surprising enclaves on the planet. They stand out not only for their size, but for their unparalleled landscapes, their biodiversity and their ecological importance. Each has a unique story to tell and continues to be the subject of study for scientists and adventurers worldwide.