Episodes of intense heat have become a common occurrence in Spain and other countries affected by climate change. Beyond the discomfort caused by the heat, concern about its impact on cardiovascular health increases, especially when combined with high levels of environmental pollution.
According to recent research, the combination of heat waves and high ozone levels in the air can increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction, even in young and apparently healthy people. Although it is usually associated with older people or people with pre-existing illnesses, Young adults are also at risk, especially in urban areas with high pollution.
Increased cardiovascular risk during heat waves
Several studies have confirmed that High temperatures increase the load on the heartThe body attempts to dissipate heat through sweating and an increased heart rate, which can trigger problems in those who are predisposed to it or have no previous diagnosis. The situation worsens when the heat is accompanied by high levels of tropospheric ozone, a pollutant that irritates the respiratory tract and hinders proper cardiovascular function.
In cities like Madrid, where the majority of the population is exposed to alarming levels of ozone, the risk intensifies. Research indicates that, under these conditions, the likelihood of suffering a heart attack increases to 33% compared to cooler days with less pollutionThis phenomenon particularly affects people between the ages of 18 and 64, a group not typically considered in traditional risk groups.
Differences between men and women in response to environmental factors
One of the most striking aspects of the studies is that The response to heat and pollution varies by sexIn women, the risk of heart attack increases primarily when both factors—high temperature and ozone—act together. In men, however, the presence of just one of these factors poses a significant threat to cardiovascular health.
Ultimately, Men seem to be more sensitive each factor separately, while in women, the combination of both is what causes a greater number of heart attacks in hot weather.
Data limitations and most exposed groups
Experts caution that, although the data provide valuable information, there are limitations to generalizing the results. For example, the main study analyzed an insured population, which excludes those without health coverage, a potentially more vulnerable group due to living in more polluted areas or having fewer resources to protect themselves from the heat.
Furthermore, They are not always considered variables like other diseases (such as diabetes or hypertension), which can aggravate the consequences of heat and pollution. However, researchers insist that, for both healthy people and those with risk factors, it is essential Take preventive measures during episodes of high temperatures and pollution.
Recommendations to reduce the risk of heart attacks during intense heat
The evidence indicates that Health professionals must inform the population about the dangers of exposure to high temperatures and air pollution, especially among those with less information. Some simple actions, such as avoid intense exercise during the hottest hours, maintaining proper hydration, seeking out cool places, and limiting outdoor exposure on days with poor air quality can make a difference.
For those who already have cardiovascular problems or risk factors, Precautions must be even greaterIt is recommended to follow medical advice, avoid unnecessary travel on very hot days, and be alert to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations.
The increasing frequency of heat waves and urban pollution highlight the importance of take measures to address heat waves. Taking extra precautions can save lives and prevent complications in those who are not initially considered at risk.
