In recent days, the entire Cantabrian region has been experiencing one of the most popular and frequent meteorological phenomena of this time of year: the galerna. Although its name may sound familiar, You probably don't know what this phenomenon consists of, so I'm going to explain it to you in depth to clear up any doubts you may have.
A gale occurs when two air masses meet, one dry and warm, and the other humid and cold. This collision generates winds with gusts that can reach up to 100 kilometers per hour. and a drop in temperatures of up to 10 degrees compared to the average for the season. It is often accompanied by heavy rains and spectacular storms, which can cause waves of up to 9 meters at sea.
The most interesting thing about the gale is that it's a meteorological phenomenon that typically lasts a few minutes, resulting in wet weather and precipitation, but without major problems. As I mentioned, in recent days, the entire Cantabrian region has suffered from this phenomenon, resulting in winds gusting up to 90 km/h and precipitation exceeding 40 millimeters per square meter. During the year 1961 one of the most destructive gales in history occurred, which unfortunately caused the death of 83 people due to the hurricane-force winds and large amounts of rain that fell in the region.
Nowadays, it is possible to anticipate the arrival of the famous gale well in advance, which makes it possible to avoid potential damage, both material and personal. Therefore, despite being a truly dangerous meteorological phenomenon, It can be controlled within certain established parameters and prevent damage like that which occurred in 1961.
Definition and origin of the term galerna
A galerna is a meteorological phenomenon characteristic of northern Spain, especially the Basque Country and Cantabria. Its name comes from the French "galerne," meaning gust or storm, and refers to a specific phenomenon that affects these coastal regions during certain periods of the year.
This phenomenon is characterized by a violent, sudden wind, which generally occurs during the spring and summer months, although it can occur at any time of year under specific circumstances. Galera is most common during the months of May and June, when the temperature differences between air masses are most noticeable.
Formation of the gale
The formation of a gale is related to specific meteorological conditions. It generally originates when the air in the eastern Bay of Biscay warms, while the air in the west, near Asturias, is colder. When the wind begins to blow from the northwest, the cold air displaces the warm air, creating a situation of atmospheric instability that can develop rapidly.
Furthermore, gales can be classified into different types, with the typical gale being the most common. These typically occur between the afternoon and evening and are characterized by a sharp shift in the wind toward the west-northwest, causing sudden changes in temperature and pressure. There is also a frontal gale, which is caused by the passage of a cold front and causes even more drastic changes in weather conditions.
Characteristics of the gale
Distinctive features of the gale include:
- Strong winds: Gusts can exceed 100 km/h, causing dangerous swells at sea.
- Abrupt drop in temperature: There can be a drop of up to 10 degrees in a matter of minutes.
- Heavy rains: Generally, gales bring with them heavy rains that can cause flooding.
- Short duration: Typically, the storm lasts between 40 and 90 minutes, which can be misleading to the unprepared.
Effects of the gale
Galeres have a significant impact on maritime activities, making them very dangerous. The rapid formation of the phenomenon can surprise even the most experienced sailors. Furthermore, the risk to human life and property damage can be substantial. Numerous galeres have caused tragedies in the past, such as the gale of April 20, 1878, which resulted in the tragic deaths of 322 fishermen.
These events have led authorities to implement warning systems to inform citizens about the impending arrival of a storm, allowing them to take appropriate precautions and save lives. The State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) plays a crucial role in issuing these warnings and ensuring that the population is informed.
Prevention and safety measures
The best way to avoid the dangers associated with a storm is to be well-informed and prepared. Here are some recommendations:
- Check weather forecasts: Whenever you're planning outdoor activities, be sure to check the weather forecast and be aware of possible alerts.
- Avoid sailing in adverse conditions: If a gale is forecast, it's best to avoid going out to sea. Conditions can become dangerous very quickly.
- Learn about the characteristics of the place: Knowing the coastal area and its specific characteristics can help you anticipate the arrival of a storm and make appropriate decisions.
Historical testimonies and memorable events
Throughout history, several gales have been responsible for tragedies off the coast of northern Spain. Historical records show that in 1912, 141 people lost their lives as a result of a gale. In 1961, the phenomenon caused the deaths of 83 sailors, demonstrating the violence of this meteorological phenomenon.
Each storm leaves its mark on the collective memory of coastal communities, and many witnesses recall how the sky suddenly darkened and how the sea became violent. With the advancement of modern meteorology, it is now easier to predict storms and mitigate their devastating effects.
A gale is a meteorological phenomenon that represents both a natural wonder and a real danger to coastal communities. Understanding its formation, characteristics, and effects can help people better prepare and minimize the risks associated with this sudden and violent storm.
