When we talk about hydrogeology, we are referring to the science that studies the origin and formation of groundwater, its forms of occurrence, diffusion, flow regime, different movements, and water reserves, among other things. This scientific discipline is also known as subsurface hydrology. It is one of the most complex branches within geology.
In this article, we'll discuss everything that hydrogeology entails, its areas of focus, and its importance.
What is hydrogeology
This science focuses on understanding the origin and formation of different types of groundwater. Groundwater is a source of potable water that can meet the demands of agriculture, industry, livestock farming, and human consumption . This science seeks to identify the necessary reservoirs for the accumulation of groundwater in sufficient volumes. It also studies the movement and distribution of this water, its reserves, and its interaction with the surrounding rocks and soil.
One of the most important areas of hydrogeology analysis is the study of the physical and chemical properties of water. This is how the conditions for its use, regulation and evacuation are determined. Determining whether groundwater can serve as a supply is quite complex. Therefore, hydrogeology is a rather complex branch of science.
Little history of hydrogeology
The evolution of societies and the development of technology have led to an increase in the use of groundwater . This is because these are large volumes of water that require observation and interpretation to identify usable sources. The need for readily available water has driven humans to develop technologies for capturing water from springs and to create various methods for constructing wells and galleries for water extraction.
From that point onward, in 1836, modern hydrogeology was established as a science . There is no specific university degree in hydrogeology. However, many university programs include hydrogeology as a specialization, such as geological sciences, mining engineering, forestry engineering, and environmental science. Many other professionals, based on their work experience, may also identify themselves as hydrogeologists. This is because many degree programs cover some of the scientific aspects that comprise hydrogeology.
Hydrogeology specialists
On one hand, we have biologists who are primarily involved in the study of soil and contamination by microorganisms. Another type of professional is the pharmacist. These specialists are mainly responsible for water analysis and the various methodologies used to determine water quality. On the other hand, physicists are responsible for applying geophysics to hydrogeology.
In this way, a hydrogeologist can manage diverse knowledge of structural geology, stratigraphy , photogeology, geological mapping, etc. It is also important that they can understand and develop some aspects that directly affect the quality of groundwater, such as climatology, hydrography, analytical chemistry, advanced mathematics, and hydraulics.
It is essential that hydrogeologists possess a comprehensive understanding of geology and be proficient in various drilling and construction methods, as well as in economics and legislation. Furthermore, knowledge of isostasy and subsidence is crucial in this field.
The hydrogeologist's specialized knowledge of the lithological environment is fundamental to consider. For example, the hydrogeology of unconsolidated, karstified, or fractured rocks can be studied using various specific methodologies and tools developed specifically for each type of rock.
However, it is important to have your own title as an expert in hydrogeology to optimize the quality of the work.
What work does a hydrogeologist do
To understand the work of a hydrogeologist, it's essential to grasp the concept of heterogeneity. Hydrogeology is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on diagnosing the diverse properties of water and its interactions with the surrounding environment. Hydrogeologists typically possess strong personal qualities and a commitment to environmental stewardship.
The primary employment niche for a hydrogeologist lies in the public and private sectors. Those who work in public administration or autonomous agencies like the IGME (Spanish Geological Survey) can do so at the national or regional level. Those who work in private companies are typically part of the staff of large consulting firms or can also work as freelancers for consulting firms . This all depends on the need for reports and studies at a more local level.
It should be noted that hydrogeologists are essential for studying the potential impacts on groundwater caused by human activity. Therefore, they must have a more conservative approach and analytical skills to understand the various impacts on the environment. This means they must be able to evaluate both point and diffuse contaminants that can be directly or indirectly affecting the aquifer in question, whether controlled or uncontrolled.
Impacts to water
On the other hand, it is also necessary to consider the impact that various human activities, such as civil works, mining, fracking, and others, can have on groundwater. Therefore, the work of a hydrogeologist involves conducting hydrogeological studies aimed at determining whether or not there is any impact on the groundwater of an aquifer and finding ways to correct or mitigate its effects.
All these jobs are generally requested by the administration and by clients who are companies and individuals who need them to start or continue their activity. The preparation of these hydrogeological reports has information on the discharges from various facilities such as livestock, industries of all kinds, treatment plants, landfills, etc.
I hope that with this information you can learn more about what hydrogeology is and what is the role of the hydrogeologist.