Located in Croatia, Plitvice Lakes National Park has the distinction of being the largest and oldest park in the country, covering a vast area of 300 km2. It was officially opened on April 8, 1949. The park features an impressive collection of interconnected lakes, distinguished by their vibrant green waters, which are separated by natural barriers formed by the deposition of calcareous sediments and the great waterfall of the Plitvice River. .
In this article we are going to tell you everything you need to know about the great waterfall of the Plitvice river and the characteristics of the Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Plitvice Lakes National Park
This region, known for its karst landscape, presents a remarkable variety of hydrological and biological characteristics, giving it international importance. In recognition of its exceptional attributes, the park was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 26 October 1979. Located between the Mala Kapela mountain range to the west and northwest, as well as Lička Plješivica to the southeast, the park predominantly consists of of lush forest vegetation and grassland areas, lakes occupying less than 1% of the total area.
The karstic phenomenon, which is mainly associated with carbonate rocks (calcareous and dolomitic) subjected to chemical and mechanical erosion, is also influenced by tectonic faults in the soil, such as faults, ripples and cracks. The formation of dolomite is closely related to these geological formations and the unique characteristics of the park.
Carbon dioxide-infused water seeps into cracks in the carbonate substrate, dissolving it and giving rise to a variety of surface karst formations, such as furrowed fields, sinkholes, karst polje, towers and columns, as well as underground elements such as wells, grottoes, and caverns. Within the park, Mesozoic limestones with layers of dolomite predominate, along with pure dolomite. The interaction between the less permeable or impermeable dolomites and the porous calcareous sediments from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods has shaped the various formations visible in the park.
The unique hydrogeological properties of the rocks have not only facilitated water retention in Triassic dolomitic rocks but have also contributed to the creation of the gorge within the calcareous sediments of the Cretaceous period. The Plitvice Lakes complex feeds 16 stunning lakes and numerous smaller bodies of water, all interconnected in waterfalls. This hydrological peculiarity causes the dolomitic rocks to retain water while downstream the calcareous sedimentation process gives rise to gorges and canyons.
Lake sections
To ensure a clear distinction, the complex is divided into two sections: the upper lakes (Gornja) and the lower lakes (Donja). The upper lakes, consisting of Prošćansko (jezero), Ciginovac, Okrugljak, Batinovac, Veliko jezero, Malo (jezero), Vir, Galovac, Milino (jezero), Gradinsko (jezero), Burget and Kozjak, are situated on impermeable dolomitic rocks. These lakes are characterized by their larger size and more irregular and smooth shorelines compared to lower lakes. On the other hand, the lower lakes, Milanovac, Gavanovac, Kaluđerovac and Novakovića Brod, are located in steep-sided permeable limestone rock within a narrow gorge. These lakes release their water through magnificent waterfalls known as Sastavci, which flow into the Korana River in the lower valley. The Distinctive appearance of the current lake system is a result of the process of porous rock formation, which occurs through the sedimentation of calcium carbonate under specific conditions of pressure and temperature. This sedimentation process is facilitated by the solubility of calcium in water in the presence of hydrogen carbonate ions, as well as by the presence of certain plants, mosses and algae.
The great waterfall of the Plitvice River
The Great Waterfall of the Plitvice River is one of the highlights of this park, known for its scenic beauty and unique biodiversity. It is distinguished by its majesty and its spectacular waterfall. It is located in an area where several rivers and streams converge, which increases its flow and magnifies its visual impact. The water falling from above forms a white veil that contrasts with the deep green of the surrounding forests, creating a truly impressive scene.
This large waterfall reaches several meters high. The water falls in a series of stepped waterfalls, creating a unique and attractive visual effect. The surrounding natural environment, characterized by lush forests, moss-covered rocks and crystal-clear lakes, further enhances its beauty.
It is a popular destination for nature lovers and hiking enthusiasts. Visitors can admire it from various vantage points strategically located along the park's trails, allowing for a close and immersive experience with this natural wonder.
To get to the Great Waterfall of the Plitvice River, you must first head to the Plitvice Lakes National Park, which is located in the central region of Croatia. The park has several entrances, but the main entrance is known as "Entrance 1."
Once inside the park, you will find a well-marked network of trails that will take you through the various lakes, waterfalls and viewpoints, including the Great Waterfall. The most common route to reach the Grand Falls is via Trail A, which is one of the most popular and accessible trails in the park.
Trail A will take you through a circular route that passes by the Great Waterfall and other highlights of the park. Along the way, you can enjoy panoramic views of the turquoise lakes, the dense forests and, of course, the majestic waterfall.
It is important to note that the park can get very busy during the summer months, so it is advisable to arrive early to avoid the crowds and enjoy the tranquility of the natural surroundings. It is also recommended to bring comfortable walking shoes and water to stay hydrated during your visit.
