So far this summer, we have already experienced two heat waves. The last It left us temperatures as high as 46,9ºC in the Cordoba observatory or 45ºC in Écija (Seville). But not only in Spain, mercury is reaching extreme values, also in other parts of the world. In California, for example, in Death Valley there was an incredible 56,7ºC.
All in all, and taking into account that the planet is warming, one might wonder what is the maximum temperature that humans can withstand. Let's know it.
The values shown by thermometers are the air temperature at that moment. Although it's hard to believe, the thermometers we find on the streets don't show real values. Why? Because they're in full sunlight, without any monitoring. Sometimes, they can show differences of up to 25 degrees centigrade with those of a meteorological observatory, hence it is highly advisable to avoid worrying about them and to look for the insights that we need in observatories or, even better, in our own Weather Station.
But are we really able to withstand such high temperatures? Well, it depends. According diverse studies, humans have a limit temperature of 55 degrees with normal humidity, and may even be higher if the humidity is low. The reason is that if the air is extremely humid, the water value can condense in the lungs, causing damage to respiratory enzymes. Not surprisingly, many of the fatal incidents that occur during heat waves are caused by the thermal stress, whether for days or weeks being exposed to long periods of moderate heat (30-35ºC), and not so much to the maximum values that can be recorded. If it is 40 degrees or more and you do not hydrate, it is easy for you to suffer a heatstroke.
Still, the best thing we can do is stay cool.
The science behind the maximum bearable temperature
A recent study published by researchers at the University of Roehampton in London revealed that the limit at which we are no longer able to regulate our body temperature is between 40 and 50 degrees CelsiusThis is crucial at a time when the planet is experiencing more extreme temperatures due to climate change, leaving us vulnerable to serious health risks. To better understand this impact, we can review how the weather can affect our overall health.
Research indicates that when temperatures above the 40 degrees, our ability to cool the body through mechanisms such as sweating is severely compromised, which can lead to a rapid increase in internal temperature.
Professor Lewis Halsey, principal investigator of this study, indicated that the thermal stress causes symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, nausea, headache, and fainting. In fact, some marathon runners can get their core temperature up to 42 degrees, and still be able to withstand the stress if they are properly trained. This relates to the temperature records that have been recorded throughout history in different contexts.
However, the reality is that not everyone is so resilient. There are vulnerable groups, such as infants and the elderly, whose cardiovascular systems are slower to adapt to extreme temperatures.
Extreme temperatures and their effects on health
As temperatures rise, the body's ability to regulate its temperature is also compromised. This can lead to waterfall effect, where critical health problems arise. Prolonged exposure to temperatures of 41 degrees or more Can result in respiratory failure and heart problems, which could even be fatal. This scenario becomes more worrying when considering that even a slight increase in temperature can aggravate weather conditions and their effects on health.
The mechanisms that the human body has to mitigate heat include sweat y dilate blood vessels, which requires a significant amount of energy. However, when outside temperatures are too high, the body begins to struggle to maintain its internal temperature within safe limits.
Studies have shown that, starting from temperatures exceeding 55 degrees Celsius, the risk of damage to vital organs increases dramatically. If the ambient temperature reaches 60 degrees, the body could enter a critical state that could lead to death within minutes. It's alarming to think that climate change the probability of these extreme events is increasing.
It is essential to be alert to the symptoms of heatstrokeThese may include: red, hot skin, confusion, dizziness, headache, and a rapid, weak pulse. If these symptoms appear, seek immediate medical attention and provide the affected person with a cool place and water.
Recommendations for surviving extreme heat
To avoid health risks during heat waves, here are some practical tips:
- Maintain adequate hydration: It's essential to drink enough water throughout the day, even if you don't feel thirsty. You should also avoid alcoholic, caffeinated, and sugary beverages, as they can contribute to dehydration.
- Stay in cool places: Whenever temperatures are very high, seek shelter in cool places. If you have access to air conditioning, use it; if not, shopping malls or libraries can be refreshing alternatives. In this regard, it's interesting to observe how places like Mallorca, measures are being taken to combat the extreme heat.
- Limit sun exposure: Avoid outdoor activities during the hottest hours of the day, preferably between 10 am and 4 pm
- Take care of vulnerable people: Make sure children, the elderly, and people with medical conditions stay well hydrated and cool. Check on family members and neighbors who may be at risk during heat waves.
Remember that heat hits They are more common due to prolonged exposure to moderate temperatures, not necessarily immediate extreme heat.
Exposure to extreme heat is not only a physical danger but can also affect our mental and emotional state. Therefore, during times of extreme temperatures, it is vital to maintain a proactive approach to our health and well-being. Listening to our bodies and responding quickly to any signs of heat stress is essential to avoid serious complications.
In an increasingly hot world, it's crucial to understand our limits as human beings and how extreme heat impacts our health. Proper preparation and awareness will allow us to better face these increasingly frequent challenges in our climate reality.
